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WHO WE AREThe International Organization for Migration (IOM) is part of the United Nations System as the leading inter-governmental organization promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all. IOM has had a presence in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1992.
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Our WorkAs the leading inter-governmental organization promoting since 1951 humane and orderly migration, IOM plays a key role to support the achievement of the 2030 Agenda through different areas of intervention that connect both humanitarian assistance and sustainable development. Across Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), IOM aims to prevent irregular migration, stop the trafficking of human beings, contribute to national development, and assist the BH Government to manage migration activities.
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PRESS STATEMENT - Massive Data Gaps Leave Refugee, Migrant and Displaced Children in Danger and Without Access to Basic Services
PRESS STATEMENT
Sarajevo, 15 February 2018
Massive Data Gaps Leave Refugee, Migrant and Displaced Children in Danger and Without Access to Basic Services
An estimated 28 million children were living in forced displacement in 2016, but the true figure is likely much higher
New York – Gaps in data covering refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and internally displaced populations are endangering the lives and wellbeing of millions of children on the move, warned five UN and partner agencies today (15/02). In ‘A call to action: Protecting children on the move starts with better data’, IOM, UNICEF, UNHCR, Eurostat and OECD together show how crucial data are to understanding the patterns of global migration and developing policies to support vulnerable groups like children.
The Call to Action confirms alarming holes in the availability, reliability, timeliness and accessibility of data and evidence that are essential for understanding how migration and forcible displacement affect children and their families. For example:
- There is recorded information on age for just 56 per cent of the refugee population under UNHCR’s mandate;
- Only 20 per cent of countries or territories with data on conflict-related internally displaced persons (IDP) break it down by age;
- Nearly a quarter of countries and territories do not have age disaggregated data on migrants, including 43 per cent of countries and territories in Africa; and
- Lack of information on migrant and displaced children deprives the affected children of protection and services they need.
“We need reliable and better data on child migrants to protect them and guarantee their best interests. Data disaggregation by age, sex and origin can inform policymakers of the real needs of child migrants. This will ensure that no child is left behind and that they are not exploited. All migrant children are entitled to care and protection regardless of their migratory status,” said IOM Director General William Lacy Swing.
“Information gaps fundamentally undermine our ability to help children,” said Laurence Chandy, UNICEF Director for the Division of Data, Research and Policy. “Migrant children, particularly those who migrate alone, are often easy targets for those who would do them harm. We can’t keep children safe and provide them with lifesaving services, both in transit and at their destination, if we don’t know who they are, where they are or what they need. We urge Member States to fill these gaps with reliable disaggregated data and to improve cooperation so that data is shared and comparable.”
“Many refugee children have experienced or witnessed appalling violence and suffering in their countries of origin and sometimes also during their flight in search of protection and security. They need and deserve care and protection but in order to provide this, we need data on their identity and needs. In no area is coordination on data and strengthening capacity more important than for children, especially the most vulnerable,” said Volker Türk, UNHCR’s Assistant High Commissioner for Protection.
“Time is of the essence when it comes to integration into education,” said OECD Director for Employment Labour and Social Affairs Stefano Scarpetta. “Success or failure at this vulnerable age can have lifelong labour market consequences. Only with a comprehensive knowledge – backed up by appropriate data – can we identify and address the needs of these children, better protect them and build upon their skills and capabilities as they make their way through the school system and into the labour market.”
In many countries, available national data do not include information on migrants’ and refugees’ age, sex and origin, or if they travel unaccompanied or with their families. Differing criteria for age categories and for recoding data make disaggregation extremely challenging.
This makes it very difficult to estimate accurately how many children are on the move worldwide. Data on children moving undocumented across borders, those displaced or migrating internally, or children left behind by migrant parents, are even scarcer.
While much of global migration is positive, with children and their families moving voluntarily and safely, the experience for millions of children is neither voluntary nor safe, but fraught with risk and danger. Children who do not have access to safe and regular migration pathways often turn to irregular and dangerous routes, putting them at risk of violence, abuse and exploitation. Many children lose their lives taking perilous informal migration routes – drowned at sea or lost in the desert – but their deaths regularly go unreported and uncounted.
In 2016, over 12 million children around the world were living as refugees or asylum seekers, while an estimated 23 million children were living in internal displacement – 16 million as a result of conflict and 7 million due to natural disasters. Yet the true number of children driven from their homes remains unknown and is apt to be significantly higher than the estimate because of gaps in reporting and data.
In the absence of reliable data, the risks and vulnerabilities facing children on the move remain hidden and unaddressed. In some contexts, children who cross borders irregularly may be held in detention alongside adults or prevented from accessing services that are essential for their healthy development, including education and healthcare. Even in high income countries like, the number of refugee and migrant children out of school is unknown because it is not counted.
The need for better data collection and analysis are key features of the related but distinct Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and the Global Compact on Refugees currently being developed for adoption in 2018. While there are ongoing efforts to strengthen data collection and analysis at both the global and country levels, far more needs to be done. As Member States work towards finalizing these two agreements, the five agencies and partners urge them to address the evidence gaps and include the rights, protection and wellbeing of children as central commitments in the final texts. If these gaps are not addressed, it will be impossible to implement and monitor the Compacts and the impact they could have for children on the move.
Note to editors:
IOM, UNICEF, UNHCR, Eurostat and OECD urge Member States to address the data and evidence gaps pertaining to children on the move, and include the following child-specific considerations in the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and the Global Compact on Refugees:
- Disaggregate data by age and sex;
- Cover key issues relating to children affected by migration and displacement;
- Make better use of existing data, and share it;
- Coordinate data efforts within countries and across borders;
- Make special efforts to collect and analyse data on children.
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SAOPŠTENJE ZA MEDIJE
Sarajevo, 15.02.2018.
Ogromni nedostaci podataka ostavljaju izbjeglice, migrante i raseljenu djecu u opasnosti i bez pristupa osnovnim uslugama
Procijenjeno je da 28 miliona živi u prisilnom raseljeništvu, ali stvarne brojke su vjerovatno daleko veće
Njujork – Nedostaci podataka o izbjeglicama, tražiocima azila, migrantima i interno raseljenim licima ugrožavaju živote i dobrobit miliona djece u pokretu, upozorilo je danas pet UN i partnerskih agencija (15/02). U ‘Pozivu na djelovanje: Zaštita djece u pokretu kreće od boljih podataka’, IOM, UNICEF, UNHCR, Eurostat i OECD zajedno pokazuju koliko su bitni podaci za razumijevanje modela globalnih migracija i izrade politika u svrhu podrške ranjivim grupama, kao što su djeca.
Poziv na djelovanje potvrđuje alarmantne nedostatke vezane za dostupnost, pouzdanost, blagovremenost i pristup podacima i dokazima koji su ključni za razumijevanje kako migracije i prisilno raseljavanje utiču na djecu i njihove porodice. Na primjer:
- Informacije o dobnim grupama su zabilježene za svega 56 procenata izbjegličke populacije koja se nalazi u okviru UNHCR mandata;
- Svega 20 procenata država ili teritorija sa podacima o interno raseljenim licima vezanim za sukobe (IDP) prikazuje ove podatke prema dobnim grupama;
- Gotovo četvrtina država i teritorija nemaju podatke o migrantima razvrstane po dobnim grupama, uključujući 43 procenata država i teritorija u Africi; i
- Nepostojanje informacija o migrantima i raseljenoj djeci utiče da djeca ostaju bez zaštite i potrebnih usluga.
“Trebaju nam pouzdani i bolji podaci o djeci migrantima kako bi ih zaštitili i garantirali njihove najbolje interese. Razvrstavanje podataka po dobnim grupama, spolu, porijeklu može upoznati donosioce odluka o stvarnim potrebama djece migranata. Ovo će osigurati da ni jedno dijete ne bude izostavljeno i da se djeca ne iskorištavaju. Sva djeca migranti imaju pravo na staranje i zaštitu bez obzira na njihov migracioni status,” rekao je generalni direktor IOM-a William Lacy Swing.
“Nedostaci u informacijama temeljno potkopavaju našu sposobnost da pomognemo djeci,” rekao je Laurence Chandy, direktor UNICEF-a za podjelu podataka, istraživanja i politike. “Djeca migranti, naročito oni koji migriraju sami, često predstavljaju lake mete za one koji im žele nanijeti štetu. Ne možemo držati djecu na sigurnom i pružiti im osnovne usluge, kako u tranzitu tako i na njihovom odredišti, ako ne znamo ko su, gdje su ili šta trebaju. Pozivamo Države članice da popune ove praznine sa razvrstanim podacima i poboljšaju saradnju kako bi se ovi podaci mogli razmjenjivati i porediti.”
“Veliki broj djece izbjeglica je preživio ili je prisustvovao nasilnim događajima i patnji u svojim državama porijekla, a ponekad i tokom bijega u potrazi za zaštitom i bezbjednošću. Oni zaslužuju i treba im osigurati staranje i zaštitu, ali da bi to bilo moguće, trebaju nam podaci o njihovom identitetu i potrebama. Ni u jednoj oblasti nisu koordinacija podataka i jačanje kapaciteta tako bitni kao što je to slučaj sa djecom, naročito najranjivijom,” rekao je Volker Türk, pomoćnik Viskokog komesara za zaštitu UNHCR-a.
“Vrijeme je ključno kada se radi o njihovoj integraciji u obrazovni sistem,” rekao je direktor OECD-a za zapošljavanje, rad i socijalna pitanja, Stefano Scarpetta. “Uspjeh ili neuspjeh u ovoj ranjivoj dobi može imati cjeloživotne posljedice na tržište rada. Samo sveobuhvatno znanje – potkrijepljeno odgovarajućim podacima – može pomoći da identificiramo i riješimo pitanje potreba ove djece, da ih bolje zaštitimo i naučimo ih vještinama i sposobnostima dok oni napreduju kroz školski sistem i ulaze na tržište rada.”
U velikom broju država, dostupni podaci na nacionalnom nivou ne sadrže informacije o starosnoj grupi migranata i izbjeglica, te njihovom spolu i porijeklu, ili ako putuju bez pratnje ili sa svojim porodicama. Različiti kriteriji za dobne kategorije i za bilježenje podataka izuzetno otežavaju ovo razvrstavanje podataka.
Veoma je teško izvršiti procjenu broja djece koja su širom svijeta u pokretu. Podaci o djeci bez dokumenata u pokretu koja prelaze granice, djeci koja su raseljena ili migriraju unutar države, ili djeci koju su roditelji migranti napustili su još malobrojniji.
Dok je većina migracija pozitivna, gdje se djeca i njihove porodice kreću dobrovoljno i sigurno, iskustvo miliona djece pokazuju da oni nisu dobrovoljno u pokretu i da nisu sigurni, već ih prate rizici i opasnosti. Djeca koja nemaju pristup sigurnim i zakonitim migracijama često krenu neregularnim i opasnim putevima, te se tako izlažu riziku od nasilja, zloupotrebe i iskorištavanja. Veliki broj djece izgubi život dok se kreću opasnim neformalnim migracionim putevima – utope se u moru ili se izgube u pustinji – ali njihova smrt redovno ostane neprijavljena i niko je ne računa.
Godine 2016., više od 12 miliona djece širom svijeta je živjelo u statusu izbjeglica ili tražilaca azila, dok je procjena da je 23 miliona djece živjelo interno raseljeno – 16 miliona kao rezultat sukoba i 7 miliona zbog prirodnih nepogoda. Ipak ostaje nepoznat tačan broj djece koja su otjerana iz svojih domova, te je vjerovatno da bi ovaj broj mogao biti daleko veći od procjene zbog nedostataka u prijavama i podacima.
U odsustvu pouzdanih podataka, rizici i ranjivost sa kojom se suočavaju djeca u pokretu ostaju prikriveni i neriješeni. U nekim kontekstima, djeca koja neregularno prelaze granice mogu biti u pritvoru zajedno sa odraslima ili im mogu biti uskraćene usluge koje su bitne za njihov zdrav razvoj, uključujući obrazovanje i zdravstvena zaštita. Čak i u državama sa visokim primanjima, nije poznat broj djece migranata i izbjeglica izvan škole, jer to niko nije brojao.
Potreba za boljim prikupljanjem i analizom podataka predstavljaju glavne karakteristike vezanog, ali specifičnog Globalnog sporazuma za sigurne, uređene i regularne migracije i Globalnog sporazuma o izbjeglicama, koji su trenutno u pripremi za usvajanje 2018. godine. Bez obzira na stalne napore usmjerene na jačanje prikupljanja i analize podataka i na globalnom i na nivou pojedinačnih država, dosta toga se još uvijek treba uraditi. Dok Države članice rade na finaliziranju ova dva sporazuma, pet agencija i partnera ih pozivaju da riješe pitanje nedostataka, a da centralna obaveza u usaglašenom tekstu budu prava, zaštita i dobrobit djece. Ako se ne riješi pitanje ovih nedostataka, neće biti moguće provesti i pratiti dejstvo sporazuma, te kako oni mogu uticati na djecu u pokretu.
Napomena uređivačima:
IOM, UNICEF, UNHCR, Eurostat i OECD pozivaju Države članice da riješe pitanje nedostataka u podacima i dokazima vezanim za djecu u pokretu, te da uključe sljedeće oblasti specifične za djecu u okviru Globalnog sporazuma za sigurne, uređene i regularne migracije i Globalnog sporazuma o izbjeglicama:
- Razvrstani podaci po dobnim grupama i spolu;
- Obuhvatiti ključna pitanja vezana za djecu koja su izložena migracijama i raseljavanju;
- Bolja upotreba postojećih podataka, te njihova razmjena;
- Koordinacija napora vezanih za podatke unutar pojedinačnih država i preko granica;
- Posebni napori usmjereni na prikupljanje i analizu podataka o djeci.