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Interview with Peter Van der Auweraert, Start magazin, 09 March 2018
Start magazin, 09 March 2018
Lets help them, it’s not illegal
By: Hana Bajraktarevic
In first 2 months of 2018, 200 persons requested asylum and got free legal aid, mainly males, says NGO Your Rights. “We are acting in their behalf in the procedures of asylum seeking, we provide advice, information. If the asylum is approved, we are leading them through the procedures of realizing their refugee rights. If the MoS passes the negative decision, we are pressing charges with the Court of BiH”. The goal of each migrant is their personal thing. “It is not good to talk about their goals because we are entering the essence of individual cases. We should bare on mind that asylum process is secret”. “The Law on Foreigners and the Law on Asylum do not prescribe sanctions for providing humanitarian aid. The Law envisages sanctions to the private and physical persons who are providing accommodation to foreigners without reporting their residence. If someone has rented an apartment to the persons without documents, that one is not guilty because was not obliged to know about that”, says Your Rights.
“Migrants see BiH as transit country on the way to EU through Croatia. There are no indications at this point that any of the irregular migrants or asylum seekers pose a security threat to the country, and there have been few, if any, reported incidents involving this population. The key issue is to continue protecting the basic human rights of those that arrive in BiH, and ensure that those who are vulnerable have access to the services and protection they need, independent of their status as irregular migrants or asylum seekers. While it is up to the authorities to determine who has the right to stay on the territory of BiH – in accordance with national law and applicable international law such as the 1951 refugee convention – people have the right to be treated with dignity and respect. “, says Mr. Peter Van der Auweraert, IOM Representative in BiH and Sub-regional Western Balkans Coordinator.
According to the BiH BP, 753 migrants were recovered from the high-migration risk countries, 130 were deterred from entering BiH, while from the beginning of 2018 until 18 Feb, 373 migrants were recovered and 320 deterred: “Illegal migrants are recovered on the territory of East Herzegovina, Zvornik, Bratunac and Visegrad. Mainly, those are persons who are staying in Serbia. They come from Pakistan, Algeria, Afghanistan, Turkey, Libya, Surya, Morocco, Iran, Albania and Kosovo and they are mostly adult males and sometimes women with minors. Since the end of 2017, illegal crossings of the state border are intensified from Montenegro and according to available information, many asylum seekers who are coming from Albania to BiH are trying to use it as transit to reach the EU countries”; says Sanela Dujkovic, Spokesperson of the BiH BP. “Illegal migrants are trying to cross the border on foot, outside of official BC’s, and in rare cases with boats across river Drina. We recovered several cases in trucks. We never had logged incidents involving migrant population. We have a record of few medical interventions due to epilepsy, exhaustion, and long walking”, says Sanela Dujkovic.
IOM says that most of them applies for asylum in BiH to legalize the stay on its territory and avoid detention in closed Immigration centre in Sarajevo: “Their intentions can be seen from the difference in the number of asylum claims lodged in BiH since January, namely 435 since beginning of the year - and the number of migrants currently still on the territory of the country. The migrants are coming through the so-called “coastal route” arriving in BiH from Greece, through Albania and Montenegro. Almost all migrants see BiH as a transit country on their way to the EU. This group is made up mostly – but not exclusively – of single young males from Algeria and Morocco as top countries of origin. There are also some Syrian nationals amongst them, as well as families and some unaccompanied children. There are also those that are entering BiH from Serbia, again with the intention to reach the EU by crossing into Croatia, including nationals from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. Some of the migrants currently on the territory of BiH were readmitted into BiH from Croatia, on the basis of the readmission agreement between the two countries. Finally, some of the migrants in the closed Immigration Centre are migrants that originally entered the country legally but then overstayed their permit. This is the case for example with Turkish nationals.” Mr. Van der Auweraert explained.
During the February, activists have warned that larger number of migrants are located in Sarajevo, sleep in the open, with no food or money. Islamic Community in Sarajevo is claiming that mosques were open, but that migrants were asking for official help, while the mosques are not the first and only situation to their problem: “Mosques were not closed. Several people slept at the mosque of Sarajevo imam Muhamed effendi Velic. But many did not want to stay because the mosques are not heated at night and mosques don’t have toilets. Therefore the IC did not refuse accommodation, but was looking for the state to offer some solutions”, says the Islamic Community, emphasizing that accommodating migrants bears other problems too: “In Velika Kladusa, those persons were left in front of the mosque. Someone, who illegally brought them to BiH left them there. Imam of the mosque could have faced charges for human trafficking, so that problem is not only a humanitarian one for us”, says the IC:
Former MoS Sadik Ahmetovic warns that BiH is not ready for large influx of migrants: “Last year we had increased influx od asylum seekers and that could have served as warning because it is clear the moment will come when these people will find temporary refuge here. Europe was also not ready, divided, especially towards Muslims, while one part of countries even denied entry to their territories to these persons, violating their human rights. BiH has to have more understanding, also because of recent past. The least what entity governments and the CoM could have done is to organize a thematic session and form a working group which would propose measures for increased influx, opening of borders, opening of refugee centres, reintegration and control programs. All these solutions are nothing new, they only need to be implemented”, says Ahmetovic.
Van der Auweraert emphasized that BiH authorities have enhanced the border controls in order to manage increased influx of migrants and that the Conclusions of the BiH CoM regarding measures to deal with the increased presence of migrants on the territory of BiH is a good indication that things are moving forward: “It is now urgent to increase the official accommodation capacity, which is something that the BiH authorities are working on under the leadership of the Minister of Security – in any country there is inevitably a small time gap between a situation emerging and the authorities having everything in place to deal with the situation, and BiH is no exception in this respect. The Council of Ministers’ conclusion last week regarding measures to deal with the increased presence of migrants on the territory of BiH is a good indication that things are moving. Official accommodation is needed for those currently in private accommodation but also to ensure some additional capacity for further arrivals. While IOM does not expect arrivals to increase significantly in the coming period, it is expected that the current level of arrivals will be maintained in the coming period, with a possible modest uptick if and when the weather improves. Another important measure is to ensure that the right protection mechanisms are in place for all migrants independent of their status, with special attention for special categories such as unaccompanied children, families and LGBTI persons. One point is also not to forge that also some of the young males may be vulnerable, having suffered at the hands of smugglers and traffickers.”, explained Mr. Van der Auweraert. IOM in BiH is assisting straightening of the capacities of the law enforcement agencies in order to enable migration management and protection of vulnerable migrants in a coordinated manner. Therefore they employed additional personnel in their migrant protection teams in East Sarajevo and Mostar. From summer of 2017 until February 2018 their teams have provided direct assistance to more than 320 vulnerable migrants and asylum seekers: “We also hired a doctor and a psychologist who are offering on-site assistance, as well as an Arabic language translator to ease the migrants’ communication with the BiH authorities. As you probably know, the area of South East Herzegovina is mostly hit by the current increased influx; therefore IOM has signed an Agreement with Red Cross Trebinje, securing migrants with emergency necessities like food, clothing, hygiene, etc”, says Mr. Van der Auweraert and emphasizes that migrants have themselves reported that BiH authorities have treated them with respect and humanity, and that also private citizens have shown nothing but solidarity with what are often very vulnerable people. (end)
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Start magazin, 09. mart 2018.
Intervju sa Peter Van der Auweraert, predstavnikom IOM-a u BiH i subregionalni koordinator za zapadni Balkan
Povećan broj azilanata u BiH
Pomozimo im, nije nezakonito
Piše: Hana Bajraktarević
Za prva dva mjeseca 2018. godine 200 lica je u procesu traženja azila u BiH dobilo besplatnu pravnu pomoć u nevladinoj organizaciji „Vaša prava“, uglavnom samci muškog pola, kažu u ovoj nevladinoj organizaciji specijalizovanoj za besplatnu pravnu pomoć. „Zastupamo ih u proceduri traženja azila na način da ih savjetujemo, informišemo i pomažemo u procesu registracije i intervjua. Ako dobiju azil, vodimo ih kroz proceduru ostvarivanja izbjegličkih prava. Ako Ministarstvo sigurnosti BiH, koje je nadležno za postupak azila, donese negativnu odluku, pišemo tužbu Sudu BiH“, pojašnjavaju u „Vašim pravima“. Napominju da je cilj svakog azilanta u BiH lična stvar. „Nezahvalno je govoriti o tome šta je njihov cilj u BiH jer ulazimo u suštinu individualnih slučajeva. Treba imati u vidu da je postupak azila tajan“, kažu u „Vašim pravima“ i napominju da pružanje pomoći iregularnim migrantima i tražiteljima azila nije nezakonita radnja.
BiH, tranzitna zemlja
„Zakon o strancima i Zakon o azilu ne predviđaju sankcije za pružanje humanitarne pomoći. Zakon o strancima predviđa sankcionisanje privatnih i fizičkih lica koja pružaju smještaj strancima, a nisu prijavili njihov boravak. Ukoliko je neko iznajmio stan osobi koja nema lična dokumenta – ne može biti kriv za to jer to nije morao znati“, pojašnjavaju u „Vašim pravima“.
Prema podacima Internacionalne organizacije za migracije (IOM), u BiH do 27. februara ove godine su 72 migranta smještena u Imigracijski centar u Sarajevu, 94 azilanta u Azilantskom centru Delijaš, te 100 do 150 azilanata u privatnim smještajima, kod porodica, u džamijama i nevladinim organizacijama.
-Migranti vide BiH kao tranzitnu zemlju na njihovom putu prema EU, kroz Hrvatsku. Ne postoje indikatori da iko od iregularnih migranata i tražitelja azila predstavlja sigurnosnu prijetnju po zemlju. Bilo je malo prijavljenih incidenata koji se tiču ove populacije. Najvažnije je da nastavimo da štitimo osnovna ljudska prava onih koji dolaze u BiH i osiguramo da oni koji pripadaju ranjivim kategorijama imaju pristup servisima i zaštiti koja im je potrebna, nezavisno od njihovog statusa iregularnih migranata ili tražilaca azila. Na bh. vlastima je da utvrde ko ima pravo da ostane na teritoriji BiH u skladu sa nacionalnim i međunarodnim zakonodavstvom, kao što je Konvencija o izbjeglicama iz 1951. godine. Ljudi imaju pravo na dostojanstven tretman – kaže Peter Van der Auweraert, predstavnik IOM-a u BiH i subregionalni koordinator za zapadni Balkan.
Prema podacima granične policije BiH, tokom 2017. godine, u pokušaju ili neposredno nakon ilegalnog prelaska državne granice, otkriveno je 753 državljana zemalja visokog migracijskog rizika, a najmanje 130 osoba su policijski službenici spriječili da uđu u BiH na graničnoj liniji između dvije zemlje. Od 1. januara do 18. februara 2018. u pokušaju ili neposredno nakon ilegalnog prelaska državne granice otkrivena su 373 državljana zemalja visokog migracijskog rizika: Sirije, Libije, Afganistana, Palestine, Pakistana, Alžira, Maroka, Iraka, Turske, Irana, Tunisa, Bangladeša, Indije, Albanije i Kosova, dok je 320 osoba spriječeno da uđu u BiH.
„Ilegalni migranti su otkriveni na području istočne Hercegovine, Zvornika, Bratunca i Višegrada. Uglavnom su to osobe koje duže vrijeme borave na području Srbije. Dolaze iz Pakistana, Alžira, Afganistana, Turske, Libije, Sirije, Maroka, Irana, Albanije i Kosova i mahom su to punoljetni muškarci, a u nekoliko slučaja žene i maloljetnici. Od kraja 2017. godine ilegalni prelasci državne granice intenzivirali su se iz Crne Gore u kojoj se, prema raspoloživim informacijama, nalazi značajan broj tražilaca azila koji dolaze iz pravca Albanije, a teritorij BiH pokušavaju koristiti kao tranzitno područje za odlazak u zemlje Europske unije – kaže Sanela Dujković, glasnogovornica GPBiH. Naglašava da su prava ovih ljudi sadržana u više zakona u BiH, a posebno u Zakonu o strancima i Zakonu o azilu u BiH. -Ilegalni migranti državnu granicu pokušavaju prijeći najčešće pješke, van graničnih prelaza, nešto rijeđe čamcima preko Drine. Evidentirano je nekoliko slučajeva kada su otkriveni u tovarnom prostoru teretnih motornih vozila. Do sada nisu evidentirani incidenti s ilegalnim migrantima. Zabilježeno je nekoliko medicinskih intervencija zbog epileptičnog napada, iscrpljenosti uslijed dugotrajnog hodanja- kaže Dujković.
Obalna ruta
Iz IOM-a objašnjavaju da se većina prijavi za azil u BiH da bi legalizirali boravak na njenoj teritoriji, te da izbjegnu zadržavanje u zatvorenom Imigracijskom centru u Sarajevu.
-Njihove namjere se mogu vidjeti kroz razlike u zahtjevima za azil, kojih je 435 od početka godine, i broja migranata koji se još uvijek nalaze na teritoriji zemlje. Postoje oni koji dolaze kroz tzv. “obalnu rutu”, i oni se pokušavaju domoći EU. Postoje i oni koji dolaze iz Srbije u BiH, opet s namjerom da se domognu EU tako što će prijeći u Hrvatsku, a ove grupe uključuju i državljane Pakistana, Afganistana i Irana. Neki od migranata koji su trenutno na teritoriji BiH su došli putem readmisije iz Hrvatske, na osnovu sporazuma o readmisiji između dvije zemlje. Konačno, neki migranti u zatvorenom Imigracijskom centru su oni koji su originalno ušli u BiH legalno, ali su onda ostali duže nego što im je bilo dopušteno. To je slučaj npr. sa turskim državljanima – pojašnjava Van der Auweraert.
Tokom februara aktivisti su upozorili da se veći broj azilanata nalazi na području glavnog grada BiH, da spavaju na otvorenom, bez hrane i novca...Osim što su pokrenuli akcije skupljanja pomoći, odjeće, ćebadi i hrane, upozorili su da su džamije, koje bi mogle biti privremeno sklonište, zatvorene. Iz Islamske zajednice u Sarajevu tvrde da su „džamije bile otvorene, ali da su oni tražili da institucije sistema vlasti pomognu i da džamije ne budu prvo i jedino riješenje, nego posljednje, za one koji ne nađu ništa drugo“. „Džamije nisu bile zatvorene. Kod sarajevskog imama Muhameda efendije Velića je spavalo nekoliko ljudi. Ali mnogo je onih koji nisu htjeli da ostanu u džamiji jer se ne griju noću. Osim toga, džamije nemaju kupatilo. Dakle, Islamska zajednica nije odbila da otvori džamije, nego smo tražili od države da i ona ponudi neko riješenje.“, pojašnjavaju u IZ u Sarajevu. Istovremeno naglašavaju da prihvatanje azilanata nosi druge probleme. „U Velikoj Kladuši su ti ljudi ostavljeni pred džamijom. Tu ih je izbacio neko ko ih je nezakonito uveo u BiH. Imam džamije u kojoj bi oni mogli biti pronađeni bi mogao biti osumnjičen da trguje ljudima. Dakle, taj problem za nas nije samo humanitarni“, kažu u IZ.
Pojačana kontrola granica
Bivši ministar sigurnosti u Vijeću ministara BiH Sadik Ahmetović upozorava da je BiH nespremna za veći priliv azilanata. „Prošle godine smo imali povećan broj azilanata i to je moglo biti upozorenje jer je bilo potpuno jasno da će doći trenutak kada će ti ljudi ovdje naći svoje privremeno utočište. Doduše, i Evropa je bila nespremna, ali i podijeljena, pogotovo prema ljudima islamske vjeroispovjesti, a jedan dio zemalja je čak i uskratio tim ljudima ulazak na njihov teritorij. Na taj način su narušili njihova ljudska prava. BiH mora imati više razumijevanja, biti bolje pripremljena i pokazati više senzibiliteta i to zbog nedavne prošlosti. Najmanje što su Vijeće ministara i entitetske vlade trebale uraditi je organizovati tematsku sjednicu i formirati radnu grupu koja bi predložila mjere za slučaj većeg priliva ljudi, a to je priprema granice, otvaranje izbjegličkih centara, te program za reintegraciju ili kontrolu pojedinaca. Sve su to već viđena riješenja, samo ih treba primjeniti – kaže Ahmetović. Van der Auweraert naglašava da su bh. vlasti već pojačale kontrole granica da bi mogle upravljati povećanim brojem pokušaja prelaska državne granice, te da su zaključci Vijeća ministara BiH koji se odnose na mjere za upravljanje povećanim prisustvom migranata na teritoriji BiH indikator da se stvari kreću naprijed. - Neophodno je hitno povećati službene smještajne kapacitete. Na tome BiH vlasti već rade, pod vodstvom Ministarstva sigurnosti. U svakoj zemlji postoji mala vremenska rupa između trenutka kada je nastala neka situacija i trenutka kada su vlasti postavile sve da bi mogle upravljati situacijom. BiH u tom smislu nije nikakav izuzetak. Službeni smještaj je potreban za one koji su trenutno u privatnom smještaju, ali treba osigurati dodatni kapacitet za buduće dolaske. Očekujemo da će se trenutni nivo dolazaka održati i u budućnosti, sa mogućim manjim povećanjem, kad i ako se poprave vremenske prilike. Važno je da osiguramo mehanizme zaštite za sve migrante nezavisno od njihovog statusa, sa posebnom pažnjom na specijalne kategorije kao što su djeca bez pratnje, porodice i LGBTI osobe. Poenta je da neki mlađi muškarci mogu biti ranjivi i da su patili u rukama krijumčara i osoba koje se bave trgovinom ljudima – pojašnjava Van der Auweraert.
Dodatno osoblje
IOM u BiH pomaže jačanje kapaciteta agencija za sprovođenje zakona da bi im omogućilo upravljanje migracijama, kao i zaštitu ranjivih migranata na koordinisan način. Zaposlili su dodatno osoblje za timove za zaštitu migranata u Istočnom Sarajevu i Mostaru. Od ljeta 2017. do sredine februara 2018. IOM-ovi timovi su pružili pomoć za više od 320 ranjivih migranata i tražitelja azila.
-Zaposlili smo doktora i psihologa koji pružaju pomoć na terenu, kao i prevodioca za arapski jezik da se olakša komunikacija migranata sa vlastima BiH. Zbog povećanog priliva azilanata u istočnu Hercegovinu potpisali smo ugovor sa Crvenim krstom u Trebinju i na taj način osigurali hranu, odjeću, obuću, higijenska sredstva i slično – kaže Van der Auweraert. Naglašava da su migranti sami prijavljivali da ih vlasti BiH tretiraju sa poštovanjem i humanošću, kao i da građani pokazuju solidarnost prema ljudima koji često pripadaju ranjivim kategorijama.